Tag: Market Efficiency
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Trading at a Discount
When a security trades at a price below its intrinsic value, it is described as “trading at a discount.” This phenomenon, influenced by macroeconomic factors and specific company events, has been a recurring theme throughout financial market history.
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Negative Externalities
Economic activities can impose unaccounted-for costs on society, known as negative externalities. These inefficiencies often lead to government interventions and have widespread implications, affecting issues as significant as climate change and public health.
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Complete Market
In complete markets, every possible outcome has a corresponding financial instrument, facilitating total risk mitigation. This environment is free of arbitrage and optimally processes market information. Nonetheless, achieving perfect market completeness is often elusive in practice.
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Adverse Selection
Adverse selection happens when one party in a deal knows more than the other, leading to unfair outcomes. This can be a big issue in areas like insurance, loans, and used car sales. While there are strategies to manage it, unchecked adverse selection can cause market problems and privacy concerns.
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Rent-Seeking
Rent-seeking is when someone tries to get a larger slice of the wealth pie, instead of making the pie bigger. It can lead to unfair advantages and slow economic growth. It’s hard to distinguish from normal business, impacts innovation, and can create income inequality, especially in countries with weak governance.
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Arbitrage
Arbitrage is a financial strategy of profiting from price differences in separate markets. It involves buying low in one market and selling high in another. This tactic, which requires market knowledge and mathematical models, contributes to market efficiency and price equilibrium.